三生三世十里桃花

Indonesia bans syrup medicines as children die_我的网站

一 |     Jakarta, Oct 20 (UNI) The deaths of nearly 100 children in Indonesia has prompted the country to suspend sales of all syrup and liquid medication.
It comes just weeks after a cough syrup in The Gambia was linked to the deaths of nearly 70 children, reports BBC.
Indonesia said some syrup medicine was found to contain ingredients linked to acute kidney injuries (AKI), which have killed 99 young children this year.
It was not clear if the medicine were imported or locally produced.
On Thursday, Indonesian health officials said they had reported around 200 cases of AKI in children, most of who were aged under five, the BBC reported.
Earlier this month, the The World Health Organization (WHO) issued a global alert over four cough syrups that were linked to the deaths of almost 70 children in The Gambia.
The WHO found the syrups used there -- made by an Indian pharmaceutical company -- contained "unacceptable amounts" of diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol. The syrups have been "potentially linked with acute kidney injuries", said the organisation.
Indonesia's Health Minister on Thursday said the same chemical compounds were also found in some medicines used locally.
"Some syrups that were used by AKI child patients under five were proven to contain ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol that were not supposed to be there, or of very little amount," said Budi Gunadi Sadikin. He did not disclose how many cases involved the toxic medicines.
Indonesian authorities said the cough syrups used in The Gambia were not sold locally.
Indonesian authorities have so far not disclosed the brands or types of syrup medicines linked to sick children - instead just temporarily banning the sale and prescription of all syrup and liquid medicines.
UNI MR。

二 |     　　亚马逊（Amazon）将于9月30日关闭运营21年的众包工作平台Amazon Mechanical Turk。　　该平台曾拥有超过50万名工作者，专门承接计算机难以完成的简单数字任务，亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝索斯（Jeff Bezos）因此将其称为“人工AI”。　　亚马逊在平台网站发布公告称，公司会定期评估各项计划、工具和服务，并根据评估结果做出调整，经过评估后决定关闭这项服务。亚马逊上月已停止接纳Mechanical Turk新客户，当时不少工作者便将这一变化视为平台即将停止运营的信号。　　Mechanical Turk简称MTurk，于2005年上线，主要将企业发布的“人类智能任务”分配给平台工作者。每项任务的报酬通常只有几美分，工作内容包括数据标注、音视频转录和填写问卷等。　　该平台的名字源自18世纪的“机械土耳其人”。这台机器表面上能够自动下国际象棋，但实际由藏在内部的棋手操控。有媒体报道称，亚马逊最初推出MTurk，是为了借助人工完成其电商平台的海量数据标注工作。　　亚马逊没有说明关闭MTurk的具体原因。有媒体称，该平台近年来的活跃度和影响力持续下降。人工智能模型已经能够处理部分原本依赖人工完成的简单任务，Scale AI、Mercor和Prolific等数据服务企业也在招募工作者参与模型训练。　　数据工作者权益组织Turkopticon的组织者Krista Pawloski表示，近年来，亚马逊用于改进MTurk的资源似乎有所减少。

三 | 随着同类数据标注服务增多，许多工作者开始转向其他平台。

四 | 　　MTurk能否确保相关任务由人工完成也受到质疑。2023年发布的一项研究显示，在一项摘要生成任务中，研究人员估计有33%到46%的MTurk工作者使用了大语言模型，这意味着部分被视为人工完成的数据可能实际由人工智能生成。不过研究人员表示，该结果能否适用于其他类型的任务尚不明确。　　亚马逊也曾借助人工智能训练需求推广MTurk，将其作为亚马逊云科技（AWS）旗下机器学习服务SageMaker的数据标注来源。AWS此前介绍，MTurk工作者可以全天候承接任务，有助于加快人工审核和数据标注工作的完成速度。

五 | 　　Pawloski表示，部分保险公司和旅游公司目前仍依赖MTurk获取数据工作者，平台即将关闭促使这些企业加紧寻找替代服务。对部分工作者而言，MTurk提供了可以远程完成、工作时间较为灵活的收入来源，目前仍有人将其作为全职工作，平台关闭将直接影响他们的生计。（文章来源：财联社）。

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