A | 过去半个世纪,7-ELEVEn便利店(以下简称7-11)的经营体系几乎从未被撼动。 At least one person is dead after heavy rain and thunderstorms swept through Las Vegas over the weekend, the city confirmed in a statement on Sunday.The person, who was found Saturday morning, was believed to have drowned, Las Vegas spokesperson Jace Radke said in a statement. Las Vegas Fire and Rescue posted Sunday on X (formerly Twitter) that they responded to 24 swift water rescue incidents, which included 30-35 vehicles stranded in the water and 10-12 people rescued from standing or moving water. The National Weather Service said Sunday that 2.55 inches of rain were recorded at the airport. Las Vegas has already seen 3.99 inches of rain so far in 2023, which is 1.17 inches above normal and only 0.19 inches below the city's normal annual precipitation, the National Weather Service said. Clark County Fire Department officials search for a man who was trapped in floodwaters in a flood channel Friday, Sept. 1, 2023, in Las Vegas. John Locher / AP Flooding in northern Nevada in the desert near Black Rock caused the vehicular gates at Burning Man to be closed on Saturday, stranding tens of thousands of people in the desert as the organizers called off the festival. Authorities there are investigating a possible death.
B | 海外7-11业务营业收入为1996亿元,同比下降8.5%;营业利润为37.9亿元,同比增长9.3%。
从财报数字看,这份财报表面回暖,实则隐忧重重。
C |
营收下降的主要原因并非主业萎缩,而是北美市场油价下跌所致。
D | 而利润提升,则得益于两大因素:一是伊藤洋华堂等超市板块通过关闭亏损店、优化结构实现扭亏;二是海外7-11在“食品”领域的表现突出,利润保持稳健增长。
问题在于,作为集团主心骨的日本7-11业务仍在“失速”。尽管客单价与同店销售额保持增长,但客流量始终未能“止跌”。反观竞争对手,罗森与全家展现出了更强的增长势头。它们不仅在同期实现了营业利润的“双位数”增长,单店日销售额也同步升至约2.85万元,进一步缩小了与7-11(约3.3万元)的差距。
此外,日本便利店行业正处于“结构性”疲软期。
E | 通胀背景下,消费者变精明了,药妆店、小型食品超市等业态以低价优势蚕食客流,便利店受制于加盟模式难以大幅降价,增速明显放缓。根据日本经济产业省数据,2024年便利店食品销售仅增长2%,而药妆业态接近两位数。
至于北美7-11的IPO计划,这步棋就更微妙了。一方面,集团希望通过上市融资来回购股份,从而提振市场信心;但另一方面,这部分核心盈利业务的利润未来将部分流向外部股东,从长远来看,或对7&i控股每股收益增长形成制约。市场显然不买账,因此集团股价从7月起就一直在“原地踏步”。
制度松动,裂痕初现
在财报会上,日本7-11社长阿久津知洋宣布,最早将于2027财年起,对新开门店的加盟商提供最长5年的“经营指导费”(即特许加盟费)减免。这是自1974年以来,7-11首次计划对加盟合同进行全面调整。
F |
截至2025年8月,7-11在日本拥有21552家门店,其中直营店仅186家,99%以上均由加盟店主经营。虽然多店经营者比例有所提升,但仍仅占约30%,大多数仍是单店个体模式。单店经营抗风险能力弱、运营成本高,一旦市场波动,冲击便格外明显。
换句话说,7-11希望鼓励加盟商从“单店单主”向“多店经营”模式转变。
根据现行“毛利分配”制度,7-11总部与加盟店按约定比例分配门店销售毛利。总部提供商品与运营支持,加盟店则支付经营指导费作为回报。该费用占毛利的比例因物业形态而异,目前新店开业5年内费率高达约60%。
对此,许多店主认为,在销售尚未稳定时承担如此高比例的抽成负担过重。此次改革正是回应这一痛点。